Few Franks could speak more than basic Arabic, instead relying on indigenous interpreters and headmen. Society was divided between Frank and non-Frank, not between Christian and Muslim. The states was politically and legally stratified with the Franks controlling the relationships between self-governing and ethnically-based communities. The crusader states were frontier societies with a minority Frankish populations ruling indigenous populations culturally related to the neighbouring communities.
A crusader presence remained in the region in some form until the fall of Acre in led to the rapid loss of the last remaining holdings.
These states in the Levant were the first examples of "Europe overseas" and became known to historians by the French version of the phrase, Outremer. This, and later campaigns, established four crusader states in the Near East : the County of Edessa the Principality of Antioch the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli. There was an enthusiastic response in Western Europe across all social strata. In particular those formed by the campaigns between and in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule. Outremeror the Crusader stateswere feudal Christian states created by a series of religious wars initiated, supported and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.
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